What are the common sports injuries?

Many people always suffer sports injuries during exercise because they do not prepare sufficiently during strenuous exercise. In particular, many people immediately engage in intense exercise without sufficient warm-up preparation. The excitement of muscles and nerves is relatively low, and coupled with slow reaction, the frequency of sports injuries is very high. So what are the common sports injuries? It is very necessary to understand.

An abrasion is a scratch on the surface of the skin. If the abrasion is shallow, just apply mercurochrome; if the abrasion is dirty or bleeding, use saline solution to clean the wound and then apply mercurochrome or gentian violet.

Muscle strain refers to an injury caused by tearing of muscle fibers, which is mainly caused by excessive exercise or insufficient warm-up. It is mainly caused by excessive exercise or insufficient warm-up. The severity of the injury can be known according to the degree of pain. Once pain occurs, stop exercising immediately and use local cold compresses. Apply ice or cold towels to the painful points and keep them on for 30 minutes to allow small blood vessels to contract and reduce local congestion and edema. Avoid rubbing, massaging and hot compresses for at least 24 hours. Do not touch hot water or take a hot bath. Apply hot compress about 48 hours later to promote blood circulation. Rest more, because strain is a chronic condition and mainly relies on the body's own recovery.

Sprains are caused by sudden and violent twisting of a joint, which twists the ligaments and tendons attached to the outside of the joint.

1. Acute lumbar sprain. The patient can lie on his back on a thickly padded wooden bed with a pillow under his waist, and apply cold compress first and then hot compress.

2. Joint sprain. When the ankle, knee or wrist is sprained, elevate the sprained area and apply cold compress for two or three days before applying hot compress. If the sprained area is swollen and painful, and the skin is bruised, you can stew half a pound of aged vinegar and apply it to the injured area with a towel, 2 to 3 times a day, each time for 10 minutes.

Dislocation means dislocation of a joint. Once dislocation occurs, the injured person should be advised to keep quiet, not to move, and not to rub the dislocated part. If the dislocation is at the shoulder, bend the injured person's elbow into a right angle, then use a triangular scarf to lift the forearm and elbow and hang it around the neck. If the dislocation is in the hip, the injured person should be immediately placed on a stretcher and sent to the hospital for treatment.

Contusion - tissue damage caused by blunt force trauma to part of the body. Mild injuries do not require special treatment. After 24 hours of cold compress treatment, you can use a blood-activating and blood-stasis-removing agent, and a local analgesic plaster can be applied. Apply cold compress on the first day after the injury and hot compress on the second day. It will be absorbed and disappear after about a week. For more serious contusions, apply Yunnan Baiyao mixed with white wine to the injured area and bandage it. Change the dressing every other day, 2-3 times a day, and add physical therapy. For example, incorrect movements when catching the ball in basketball or excessive tension and straightening of fingers when stealing the ball can easily cause finger contusions.

Fracture---Common fractures are divided into two types. One is that the skin is not broken, there is no wound, and the broken bone is not connected to the outside world, which is called a closed fracture; the other is that the tip of the bone passes through the skin, there is a wound and is connected to the outside world, which is called an open fracture. For open fractures, do not reduce them manually to avoid causing osteomyelitis. Use sterile gauze to bandage the wound initially, stop the bleeding, and then fix it with a flat board and send to the hospital for treatment. After a fracture, the limb is unstable and easy to move, which will aggravate the injury and cause severe pain. You can use wooden boards or plastic boards to fix the upper and lower joints of the fractured limb. If external fixation materials cannot be found for the time being, if the fracture is in the upper limb, the elbow joint can be flexed and fixed to the trunk; if the fracture is in the lower limb, the leg and foot can be straightened and fixed to the opposite limb. If you suspect you have a spinal fracture, you should lie down on a door panel or stretcher as soon as possible, and pad your torso with clothes and sheets to prevent movement. You should not lift the victim's head, as this will cause spinal cord injury or paraplegia. The unconscious person should lie prone with the head turned to one side to prevent vomit from being inhaled into the lungs. When a cervical fracture is suspected, a pillow should be placed on both sides of the head and neck or the patient's head and neck should be supported to prevent it from shaking during transportation.

From the above introduction, we can see that there are many types of sports injuries. Abrasions, muscle strains, sprains, dislocations, fractures, etc. are all sports injuries. When sports injuries occur, you should stop exercising immediately and take certain measures for treatment in time, especially fractures, which should be sent to the hospital for treatment in time.